Chapter 26 Biomedical technologies
A modern hospital can make use of variety of sophisticated instruments and equipment of accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Three main categories of instruments and equipment used are diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic.
mm Hg diastolic).
Major advancements in the medical sciences have been the development of new imaging techniques that provide detailed pictures of internal organs.
life.
detection of bone and joint injuries.
(i) Pacemakers
rate.
to diseases.
Three types of medical devices used nowadays are implants, disposables and external prosthesis.
Invention/ Development |
Year |
Inventor/Scientist |
Country |
Thermometer |
1593 |
Galileo Galilei |
Italy |
Medical thermometer |
1612 |
Sanctorius |
Italy |
Stethoscope |
1810 |
Rene Laennec |
France |
Ophthalmoscope |
1851 |
Hermann Von Helmhotz |
Germany |
Antiseptic surgery |
1870 |
Joseph Lister |
Britain |
X-rays |
1895 |
Wilhelm Roentgen |
Germany |
Electrocardiograph (ECG) |
1906 |
Willem Einthoven |
Netherland |
Electroencephalograph (EEG) |
1929 |
Hans Berger |
Germany |
Cardiac pacemaker |
1932 |
A.S. Hyman |
USA |
Kidney dialysis machine |
1945 |
Willem Kolff |
Netherland |
Coronary artery bypass graft |
1951 |
Arthur Vineberg |
Canada |
Open heart surgery |
1953 |
Walton Lillehel |
USA |
Kidney transplant |
1955 |
Joseph Murray |
USA |
Artificial heart |
1957 |
Willem Kolff |
Netherland |
Fibre-optic endoscopy |
1957 |
Basil Hirschowitz |
USA |
Laser |
1960 |
T.H. Maimah |
USA |
Heart transplant surgery |
1967 |
Christiaan Barnard |
South Africa |
NMR imaging |
1971 |
Raymond Damadian |
USA |
CAT scanner |
1972 |
Godfrey Hounsfield, Alan Cormack |
Britain USA |
Coronary angioplasty |
1976 |
Andrease Gruntzig |
Switzerland |
"Test-tube baby' |
1978 |
Patrick Steptoe Robert Edwards |
Britain Britain |
PET scanner |
1985 |
Louis Sokoloff |
USA |
Two-hand transplant |
2000 |
Jean-Michel Dubernard |
France |